Allowing the user to insert a arbitrary widget inside posts:

<?php
function widget($atts){
global $wp_widget_factory;
extract(shortcode_atts(array(
'class' => FALSE // the widget's PHP class name, required
), $atts));
// make sure the user doesn't XSS us (wpmu)
$class = wp_specialchars($class);
//check if the class exists
if (!is_a($wp_widget_factory->widgets[$class], 'WP_Widget')):
// if it doesn't, then try to add WP_Widget_ in front of the class name, and check again
$wp_class = 'WP_Widget_'.ucwords($class); // capitalize 1st letter
if (!is_a($wp_widget_factory->widgets[$wp_class], 'WP_Widget')):
$wp_class = 'WP_Widget_'.ucwords(strtolower($class));
if (!is_a($wp_widget_factory->widgets[$wp_class], 'WP_Widget')):
return '<p>'.sprintf(__("%s: Widget class not found. Make sure this widget exists and the class name is correct"),'<strong>'.$class.'</strong>').'</p>';
else:
$class = $wp_class;
endif;
endif;
// checking for other attributes, other than "class"
$instance = array();
foreach($atts as $att=>$val):
if ($att!="class") $instance[wp_specialchars($att)]=wp_specialchars($val);
endforeach;
$id = $class; // name the selector id as the PHP class name
// this is the css class, not the PHP class name
$classname = $wp_widget_factory->widgets[$class]->widget_options['classname'];
// if doesn't exist, name it as the id (class name)
if(!$classname) $classname = $id;
// change the id to the widget id parameter, if set
if(isset($instance['widget_id'])) $id= $instance['widget_id'];
// output to php buffer, because there's not get_the_widget function in wp
ob_start();
// display the widget
the_widget($class, $instance, array('widget_id'=>'arbitrary-instance-'.$id,'before_widget' => '
','after_widget' => '
','before_title' => '
','after_title' => '
'));
// store the buffer output in a variable
$output = ob_get_contents();
ob_end_clean();
// display it
return $output;
}
add_shortcode('widget','widget'); // registers the shortcode

Display certain posts  inside pages:

<?php
function queryposts($atts){
extract( shortcode_atts( array(
'category_id' => '',
'category_name' => '',
'tag' => '',
'day' => '',
'month' => '',
'year' => '',
'count' => '5',
'author_id' => '',
'author_name' => '',
'order_by' => 'date',
), $atts));
$output = '';
$query = array();
// create the query string
if ($category_id != '') $query[] = 'cat=' .$category_id;
if ($category_name != '') $query[] = 'category_name=' .$category_name;
if ($tag != '') $query[] = 'tag=' . $tag;
if ($day != '') $query[] = 'day=' . $day;
if ($month != '') $query[] = 'monthnum=' . $month;
if ($year != '') $query[] = 'year=' . $year;
if ($count) $query[] = 'posts_per_page=' .$count;
if ($author_id != '') $query[] = 'author=' . $author_id;
if ($author_name != '') $query[] = 'author_name=' . $author_name;
if ($order_by) $query[] = 'orderby=' . $order_by;
ob_start(); // output to buffer
// backup the $post variable so it doesn't mess it up if called again
$backup = $post;
$posts = new WP_Query(implode('&',$query));
while ($posts->have_posts()): $posts->the_post();
// copy here the post layout from your theme's index.php file -- this is just a example ?>
endwhile;
$post = $backup; // restore the original $post
wp_reset_query();
// store the buffer output in the $output variable
$output = ob_get_contents();
ob_end_clean();
return $output;
}
add_shortcode('query', 'queryposts'); // add the shortcode...

…so, here are all the steps:

First download and install Poedit.

Select the theme you wish to translate and extract or copy the theme files into a new directory. In this example, I’m unzipping all the theme files inside the C:\mystique directory. Now open the PoEdit application, and create a new catalog  (File > New catalog), or you can open an existing catalog from the theme directory, if the theme has one. For example, the en_US.po file for Mystique.

From the menu, select Catalog > settings and fill all the required information.

Don’t close the settings window yet. Click on the Paths tab and change the local path from 1st line with your path to the theme files, in our example C:\mystique

Click OK, then update the catalog (Catalog > Update from sources) to verify that your path to the theme is correct, and to update all the strings. You can also update the catalog from a existing .pot template, if the theme has one (that way you wouldn’t need to extract all the theme files on your computer).

If you don’t get any errors, you can start translating the theme by selecting each string in bold from the list, and typing the translation in editable area from the bottom. Here’s a sample phrase translated to French:

Be careful with the php values, such as %s, %2$s etc. Always include them in the translated string! If you want to hide some of them you can use html comments – for example if you want to hide the author link in Mystique (original string: Posted by %1$s in %2$s):

Posté <!-- par %1$s --> dans %2$s

When you’re finished, save your catalog by using the languagecode_COUNTRYCODE file naming convention, eg. as fr_FR, and upload the compiled catalog that was generated by PoEdit (eg. fr_FR.mo) to your server, in the appropriate theme language file directory. That’s it

Related resources:
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